diff --git a/packages-private/dts-test/defineComponent.test-d.tsx b/packages-private/dts-test/defineComponent.test-d.tsx
index 6188b102b31..084bd44dcba 100644
--- a/packages-private/dts-test/defineComponent.test-d.tsx
+++ b/packages-private/dts-test/defineComponent.test-d.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import {
   type Component,
   type ComponentOptions,
   type ComponentPublicInstance,
+  type EmitsOptions,
   type PropType,
   type SetupContext,
   type Slots,
@@ -1175,6 +1176,73 @@ describe('componentOptions setup should be `SetupContext`', () => {
   )
 })
 
+describe('infer slots from `SetupContext`', () => {
+  // options
+  const Foo = defineComponent({
+    setup(
+      _props,
+      _ctx: SetupContext<EmitsOptions, { default: { foo: number } }>,
+    ) {},
+    render() {
+      this.$slots.default({ foo: 1 })
+    },
+  })
+  const foo = {} as InstanceType<typeof Foo>
+  expectType<IsAny<typeof foo.$slots.default>>(false)
+  foo.$slots.default({ foo: 1 })
+
+  const Bar = defineComponent({
+    setup(
+      _props,
+      _ctx: {
+        slots: {
+          default: (props: { foo: number }) => VNode
+        }
+      },
+    ) {},
+    render() {
+      this.$slots.default({ foo: 1 })
+    },
+  })
+  const bar = {} as InstanceType<typeof Bar>
+  expectType<IsAny<typeof bar.$slots.default>>(false)
+  bar.$slots.default({ foo: 1 })
+
+  // functional
+  const Baz = defineComponent(
+    <T,>(
+      props: { foo: T },
+      ctx: SetupContext<
+        EmitsOptions,
+        SlotsType<{
+          default: (props: { foo: T }) => VNode
+        }>
+      >,
+    ) =>
+      () =>
+        ctx.slots.default(props),
+  )
+  const baz = new Baz({ foo: 1 })
+  expectType<IsAny<typeof baz.$slots.default>>(false)
+  baz.$slots.default({ foo: 1 })
+
+  const Qux = defineComponent(
+    <T,>(
+      props: { foo: T },
+      ctx: {
+        slots: {
+          default: (props: { foo: T }) => VNode
+        }
+      },
+    ) =>
+      () =>
+        ctx.slots.default(props),
+  )
+  const qux = new Qux({ foo: 1 })
+  expectType<IsAny<typeof qux.$slots.default>>(false)
+  qux.$slots.default({ foo: 1 })
+})
+
 describe('extract instance type', () => {
   const Base = defineComponent({
     props: {
@@ -1750,7 +1818,6 @@ import type {
   ComponentOptionsMixin,
   DefineComponent,
   Directive,
-  EmitsOptions,
   ExtractPropTypes,
   KeepAliveProps,
   TransitionProps,
diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/apiDefineComponent.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/apiDefineComponent.ts
index 4865c3b4ea4..b18daf49dde 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/apiDefineComponent.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/apiDefineComponent.ts
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ export function defineComponent<
   Props extends Record<string, any>,
   E extends EmitsOptions = {},
   EE extends string = string,
-  S extends SlotsType = {},
+  S extends SlotsType | Record<string, any> = {},
 >(
   setup: (
     props: Props,
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ export function defineComponent<
   Props extends Record<string, any>,
   E extends EmitsOptions = {},
   EE extends string = string,
-  S extends SlotsType = {},
+  S extends SlotsType | Record<string, any> = {},
 >(
   setup: (
     props: Props,
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ export function defineComponent<
   Extends extends ComponentOptionsMixin = ComponentOptionsMixin,
   InjectOptions extends ComponentInjectOptions = {},
   InjectKeys extends string = string,
-  Slots extends SlotsType = {},
+  Slots extends SlotsType | Record<string, any> = {},
   LocalComponents extends Record<string, Component> = {},
   Directives extends Record<string, Directive> = {},
   Exposed extends string = string,
diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/component.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/component.ts
index c46741bee80..93847406d8f 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/component.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/component.ts
@@ -287,11 +287,11 @@ export type LifecycleHook<TFn = Function> = (TFn & SchedulerJob)[] | null
 // use `E extends any` to force evaluating type to fix #2362
 export type SetupContext<
   E = EmitsOptions,
-  S extends SlotsType = {},
+  S extends SlotsType | Record<string, any> = {},
 > = E extends any
   ? {
       attrs: Attrs
-      slots: UnwrapSlotsType<S>
+      slots: S extends SlotsType ? UnwrapSlotsType<S> : Readonly<S>
       emit: EmitFn<E>
       expose: <Exposed extends Record<string, any> = Record<string, any>>(
         exposed?: Exposed,
diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/componentPublicInstance.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/componentPublicInstance.ts
index 8d3fdb056a9..68e9fd794c4 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/componentPublicInstance.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/componentPublicInstance.ts
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ export type CreateComponentPublicInstanceWithMixins<
   Defaults = {},
   MakeDefaultsOptional extends boolean = false,
   I extends ComponentInjectOptions = {},
-  S extends SlotsType = {},
+  S extends SlotsType | Record<string, any> = {},
   LC extends Record<string, Component> = {},
   Directives extends Record<string, Directive> = {},
   Exposed extends string = string,
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ export type CreateComponentPublicInstanceWithMixins<
     Provide
   >,
   I,
-  S,
+  S extends SlotsType ? S : SlotsType<S>,
   Exposed,
   TypeRefs,
   TypeEl