[C++][Stagging PR] Explore changes to migrate to C++20

[tdavidcl]

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[github-actions]

Thanks @tdavidcl for opening this PR!

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Code Review

This pull request transitions the project to C++20, updating CMake settings, lambda captures, and the source_location header. It also refactors string formatting across the codebase, including the introduction of a vformat utility. The review identifies an unnecessary template parameter in the vformat definition and recommends using fmt::format_string in print_buf to preserve compile-time format validation and simplify the code.

[github-actions]

Workflow report

workflow report corresponding to commit c93ab33
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Pre-commit check report

Pre-commit check: ✅

trim trailing whitespace.................................................Passed
fix end of files.........................................................Passed
check for merge conflicts................................................Passed
check that executables have shebangs.....................................Passed
check that scripts with shebangs are executable..........................Passed
check for added large files..............................................Passed
check for case conflicts.................................................Passed
check for broken symlinks................................................Passed
check yaml...............................................................Passed
detect private key.......................................................Passed
No-tabs checker..........................................................Passed
Tabs remover.............................................................Passed
cmake-format.............................................................Passed
Validate GitHub Workflows................................................Passed
clang-format.............................................................Passed
ruff check...............................................................Passed
ruff format..............................................................Passed
Check doxygen headers....................................................Passed
Check license headers....................................................Passed
Check #pragma once.......................................................Passed
Check SYCL #include......................................................Passed
No ssh in git submodules remote..........................................Passed
No UTF-8 in files (except for authors)...................................Passed

Test pipeline can run.

Doxygen diff with main

Removed warnings : 0
New warnings : 0
Warnings count : 8232 → 8232 (0.0%)

Detailed changes :